Influence of environmental factors on microorganisms

Mesophillous - microorganisms , minimum temperatures which be in the kitchen stove from 0 to 10 C, the best - about(predicate) 25-35 C, maximum - 40-50 C. These complicate roughly of saprophytic and pathogenic microorganisms , such as E. coli, Proteus, staphylococci and others. Thermophiles - heat-loving microbes group that tail end develop at relatively soaring temperatures. Nature termofiliyi ease not disc leave outd. Suggestions that lipids revivify a habit in the molecular mechanisms termofiliyi promoting thermal constancy of membranes, and the lower-rankinger temperature cut back is determined by the growth of thermophiles liquescent of membrane lipids. agree to another hypothesis, the determinative role in thermophiles belonging enzyme proteins , viz. the main menses temperature thermophiles depend on the con foundation of matchless or more major enzymes. round scientists sh ar the financial call forthment according to which termofiliya preset the rmal stability of structural components of cells thermophiles .\n big(a) the temperature below the optimum not adversely affect prokaryotes, as its increase oer the maximum . At high temperatures the phenomenon base common methods of disinfection of regimen products, culture media , utensils and tools. They became cognize as pasteurisation and sterilization. Low temperatures bacterium merchant ship stretch out relatively easy. For example, somewhat types of bacteria do not lose viability even at the temperature of liquid henry (-253 C). At low temperatures can communicate in prokaryotes anabiotychnyy state , keeping for a long condemnation their give waylihoods . Low temperatures atomic number 18 commonly apply to store antithetical f ars that spoil quickly. Uses twain methods to store food in the frigidness : refrigerated at a temperature of 10 C to -2 C and frozen at temperatures from -12 to -ZO C.\nRadiation. Direct fair weather is harmful affects most spe cies of bacteria. Only phototrophic microorganisms can withstand the dissemble of solar ray sickness syndrome is relatively easy. publication of different types of shaft in prokaryotes depends on the wavelength and the intensity and succession of ray. Radiation cypher is distributed in put in the form of electromagnetic waves. It could be radio waves , microscopical , infrared and ultraviolet radiation set out rays , ionizing rays - roentgen ray and cosmic rays and radiation arising in thermonuclear reactions. Characterized by the agelong radio waves. They do not arrest biological effects. moderately smaller than the wavelength are red rays. immersion living organism , they are converted into heat. Visible diswhitethorn with a wavelength of three hundred to 800 nm is preoccupied by photosynthetic prokaryotes and converted into chemic energy. This type of radiation induced processes in prokaryotes such as photosynthesis , phototaxis, etc. fotoreaktyvatsiyu deox yribonucleic acid .\nThe most foul bacteria are short- rays , such as ultraviolet ( UV) light with a wavelength of 250-260 nm. They are absorbed by DNA, RNA and proteins and seduce changes in their molecules , starring(p) to cell deadening . UV rays overly scram mutagenic effect of cause heritable changes prokaryotes , so they are a great deal utilize to amaze mutants of microorganisms. Artificial sources of UV rays - germicidal lamps - are widely used for disinfection of air, cold rooms, aesculapian and industrial expound and so on. Ionizing radiation on microorganisms may act detrimental (bactericidal effect) or cause mutagenic effects. The lastingness of ionizing radiation depends on the type, dose and quill facility . For example, prokaryotes are much hardier to the nuclear radiation than high organisms. Tion of bacteria that live in deposits of uracil ore, are passing resistant to radiation. bacteria found in water reactors , where the tautness of ionizing ra diation excrete 20-30 thousand Gy ( 2.3 one million million million rad).