Essay on Reagans Changing Views on The Soviet Union

Seven American presidents over the course of 44 years engaged the Soviet Union in cold war prior to Reagan’s election in 1980. They used policies such as containment and Dà ©tente to contain Soviet aggression and win the Cold War. Ronald Reagan came to power at the pinnacle of the Cold War, following, what he saw, as the failures of Dà ©tente. Reagan was a tireless cheerleader of American patriotism in a time when America had lost faith in its national institutions and its position on the world’s stage. An ardent anti-Communist, Reagan often invoked anti-Soviet rhetoric, calling them an â€Å"Evil Empire† and challenging Soviet leadership to â€Å"tear down† the Berlin Wall. More than any other American president, Ronald Reagan took saber-rattling to a†¦show more content†¦Who would have predicted a man who came from humble beginnings, a Midwesterner born in Tampico, Illinois, on February 6, 1911, would become one of the most revered and respect ed presidents in recent American history. Prior to 1964, Ronald Reagan had described himself as a Truman Democrat, a man who was staunchly anti-communist but embraced New Deal like programs at home. By 1964, however, Reagan had undergone a political transformation and came out for Barry Goldwater in a televised speech that was titled, â€Å"A Time for Choosing† but is more often known as, â€Å"The Speech.† It was Reagan’s political introduction to the American people. Though he had been an actor and spokesman for General Electric, he was not considered a politician. October 27, 1964 changed Reagan’s image for good. â€Å"A Time for Choosing† focused on the nation’s domestic ills and the results of a social-welfare state created by President Johnson. Though not a speech on foreign policy or U.S. -Soviet relations, this speech made Ronald Reagan look like a man who could play a significant role nationally, but more importantly on the world’s stage. He took shots at the Soviet Union by accusing American â€Å"Liberals† of going weak on communism, â€Å"You and I have the courage to say to our enemies, ‘There is a price we will not pay.’Show MoreRelatedThe Presidential Election For The Presidency Of The United States1425 Words   |  6 Pagestwo key decisions that brought about the fascination with and glorification of him.   The first decision dealt with Reagan’s determination to do anything and everything possible in order to protect this country during a time of fear and uncertainty broug ht about by the Cold War.   As a result of his impressive efforts in dealing with the leadership of the USSR, peace with the Soviet Union was ultimately achieved.   The second vital decision made by Ronald Reagan, ensured that his conservative legacy wouldRead MoreRonald Reagan Prolonged The Cold War Essay1539 Words   |  7 Pagesbiggest contributing factor which played a part in ending the Cold War was the internal unrest of the Soviet Union. Also the ever changing system we know now as International Relations had a role in the conclusion of this time period. I will additionally argue the antithesis of the question and explain how Ronald Reagan prolonged the Cold War. Response: During the Second World War, USA and the Soviet Union came together against a common enemy. It was the immediate events after the War which lead to renewedRead MoreIn Elaine Taylor May’S Article, Security Against Democracy:1684 Words   |  7 Pagesbeyond the white house. His argument for the southernization of American life stemmed from a change in religion and people relied less on the government. Both of these things helped reinvent America, but the biggest impact on American society was changing attitudes that were created in the 1970s by the youth of the time. The strength of the argument is the fact that American society had changed and allowed for a new mindset in America; which shifted the focus from the threat of communism to the distrustRead MoreThe Role Ronald Reagan Had in ending the Cold War Essay1852 Words   |  8 Pagesexploiting Soviet vulnerabilities, negotiations, or a military build-up. In answering the inquiry question, the main sources that will be used will be a book and National Security Decision Directive 75 (NSDD 75). The book, a biography of Reagan written by Paul Kengor, titled The Crusader: Ronald Reagan and the Fall of Communism, views Reagan’s technique in ending the Cold War as exploiting the vulnerabilities of the USSR and an arms race. The other main source, NSDD 75, was released by Reagan’s AdministrationRead MoreThe Political Development Of The Soviet Union934 Words   |  4 PagesThe cold war that occurred between not only the United States and the Soviet Union but between other superpowers as well, such as Korea, is a trivial part of our history. The cold war was primarily fought between the United States and the Soviet Union. Both were considered powerhouses, the United States was the powerhouse of the West and the Soviet Union was the powerhouse of the East. It was no surprise that these two countries would eventually come to clash. Two themes that appear from Berkin’sRead MoreGorbach ev Or Traitor : The Cold War1284 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Cold War. The Cold War did not involve any physical fighting, but included battles between differing ethics. The debate on whether the collapse was caused by Mikhail Gorbachev and his deconstruction of the Soviet economy by his policies of perestroika and glasnost or Ronald Reagan’s arm race that forced the USSR into economic submission. While many attest Ronald Reagan for bring the Cold War to an end, I believe the collapse was due largely to Gorbachev’s social policies that gave the peopleRead MoreVisionary Leader And Ethical Leader1923 Words   |  8 Pagesthat proved he was an ethical leader when tested will be accomplished. Once those are all presented, I will take the time to explain the personal relevance and impact this has on my leadership. To further understand this, an evaluation of Roland Reagan’s Visionary Leadership needs to be accomplished first. Visionary Leader Ronald Reagan was a visionary leader that was very charismatic with both a short and long-range vision. He held Presidential office from 1981 to 1989. Some of his specificRead More Has Technology Made Strategy Obsolete? Essay1516 Words   |  7 PagesThis is not the case; strategy is actually becoming more important with the development of more sophisticated military technology. Firstly it must be clearly defined how strategy and technology relate to each other. There have been many different views on what, in effect, constitutes strategy. If one were to compare Sun Tzus concepts of strategy and compare them to that of Clausewitz, it would be clear that the two defined strategy much differently. Sun Tzu viewed strategy as a much larger issueRead MoreThe Great Communicator - Ronald Reagan2566 Words   |  11 Pagesfinding a job as an announcer and ended up doing measly jobs for local nightclubs. Then his wife, Jane Wyman, whom he had met during the war, divorced him for reasons known to only Reagan and Wyman to this day. This period is what was described as Reagan’s lowest point in his life. Always upbeat and up-tempo, the normal Ronald Reagan had disappeared, an older, tired man left in his place. Then he met Nancy Davis. Nancy Davis was an out of work actor, blacklisted by the Hollywood Communist HuntingRead More The American Presidency: Evolution in Time Essay examples2450 Words   |  10 Pagestoo. We want a lot of leadership, but we are notoriously lousy followers (Genovese). In other words the expectations the public has of the executive office are ever-changing since we demand that our leaders keep up with the evolving world around us and them. Throughout the past seventy eventful years alone, the American peoples views, perceptions and demands of the Executive Office of American government have evolved simultaneously with the political and social events of that same time period.

Professional Sports The World Of Sport - 1904 Words

In the United States since World War II, the world of sport has undergone dramatic changes. The first decade after the war witnessed the resurgence of baseball as the national sport, particularly with the unveiling of a hero-athlete, the formation and development of the National Basketball Association, and the transformation of professional football into a powerhouse organization vying with baseball as the national sport. That competition continues to this day, with the profound irony that in some quarters the Black athlete is now seen as saving sports. In the pre-World War II years, the Black athlete was restricted from competition in all professional sports. The transgression of the treatment that followed the integration of colored athletes in professional sports can be seen through the treatment of three players in particular, Jackie Robinson, Mohammad Ali, and Michael Jordan. Each athlete respectively went through different treatment in his respective era as a professional athl ete. Jackie Robinson was the man credited for breaking the color barrier in the oldest game in America. His debut came on April 15, 1947 where he played for the Brooklyn Dodgers against the Boston Braves at Ebbets Field. Signed by the president of the Brooklyn Dodgers, Branch Rickey, Jackie Robinson was subject to the taunting and racial abuse from opposing fans night in and night out. It’s not often that the career of one man can impact the lives of millions of people that succeeded him.Show MoreRelatedNorth Americ The World For Its Excellent Professional Sports1791 Words   |  8 PagesLayne Greeson Introduction North America is known around the world for its excellent professional sports. Athletes from around the world come to the North America with the dream of becoming a professional athlete in their respective sport. Organized professional baseball in North America was developed in 1876 with the creation of the American League (AL). In 1901 the National League (NL) was formed in order to compete with the AL hence Major League Baseball (MLB) was born. From 1901 till now MajorRead MoreCause And Effect Of Fantasy Sports On Fans And Professional Sports951 Words   |  4 PagesCause and Effect of Fantasy Sports on Fans and Professional Sports Fantasy sports are a popular activity in the contemporary world today. More than 32 million people across the world are participating in this activity. In 2009, it was estimated that 27 million people living in North America participated in this popular sporting activity. In this sport, the competition among individual participants is based on an online environment. Further, this activity has grown into a pop-culture (Howie Luke,Read MoreShould Women Get Paid The Same As Men1093 Words   |  5 Pagessame as men in professional sport? Professional sports, as compared to amateur sports, are sports in which athletes receive payment for their performance. Due to ability to draw a large income, professional athletes can afford to make their sport their primary career, devoting the training time necessary to increase skills, physical condition, and experience to become the best they can be. Most sports played professionally also have amateur players far outnumbering the professionals. Athletes involvedRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs Should Be Legal1384 Words   |  6 Pagesmust be made legal in professional sports. Professional athletes would not be given free reign of all the PEDs available in the world, but rather a new set of rules would be issued. The rules would allow athletes to meet or exceed their maximum abilities as humans while making it safer than the modern state. If made legal the potential results of PEDs would be tested and altered appropriately to create the safest, most impactful drugs; however, in the current situation professional athletes buy PEDsRead MoreThe Commercialisation, Professionalization And Equity Of Sport1714 Words   |  7 Pagesprofessionalization and equity of sport has changed from the 1950s to today. This piece of work will also discuss the different techniques and strategies that organisations within sport used to commercia lise, professionalise and set social stratification. The worldwide interest in sport is phenomenal, regardless of your skin colour, religion, health, social status, gender and home nation. Sport is a universal platform for happiness, revenue and success. Even though sport has made the leap from just loveRead MoreWomen and Sports1522 Words   |  7 PagesReview of Literature Thesis There is a definite correlation between the economics of professional women ¡Ã‚ ¦s sports and their ultimate success. As most success in sport leagues, teams and associations are measured by longevity, win/loss records, and most importantly, revenue, the footprint of female competition at the professional level has not been paramount at any point in our history. Professional women ¡Ã‚ ¦s athletics is characterized by an economic model and a level of acceptance amongstRead MoreEssay Men Vs. Women in Professional Sports1450 Words   |  6 Pages Men Vs. Women in Professional Sports nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Ever since the ancient Greece, men have held athletic competitions or sports. It is only in modern times that women have had an opportunity to compete. Most sports still don’t have men and women directly competing against one another. In the past athletic instructors adapted the rules to make sports less physically taxing for women. For instance in basketball, to ensu re that girls maintain proper decorum, they were forbidden fromRead MoreImproving the Perception of Female Athletes Essay example898 Words   |  4 PagesSports have been a part of this world since the beginning of mankind; the Olympics, for example, began during the times of Ancient Greece and those same games are as popular as ever and still continue today. However, back in the very beginning of sports history, men were the only gender granted the right to participate in athletic events; sometimes women were not even allowed be in the same general vicinity to watch. Sure, the days have changed, yet women still cease to receive the same amount ofRead MoreMen vs. Women in Professional Sports1502 Words   |  7 PagesMen Vs. Women in Professional Sports Ever since the ancient Greece, men have held athletic competitions or sports. It is only in modern times that women have had an opportunity to compete. Most sports still dont have men and women directly competing against one anothe r. In the past athletic instructors adapted the rules to make sports less physically taxing for women. For instance in basketball, to ensure that girls maintain proper decorum, they were forbidden from snatching the ball and dribblingRead MoreFeatures Of Modern Professional Sports Sector Essay1618 Words   |  7 PagesSport has been renowned for being an important activity people ever practiced, starting with the organisation of the Olympic Games that held to elaborate basic sports skills, as well as celebrate them. Sport unites people and encourages them to enhance their organisation and community. People choose to launch their career in sports in order to remain healthy and earn good money. Professional sport, no matter where played, is the most affluent and observed sporting activity. It grabs the lions offer

Multi-User Resource Allocation Techniques

Question: Discuss about the Design of Multi-User Resource Allocation Techniques for Uplink of LTE-Advanced. Answer: Evolution of LTE-Advanced Systems Scope Communication is one of the vast changing and demanding part of science. The evaluation of the fourth generation mobile communication system aimed at performance and efficiency in the high mobility environment. LTE-Advanced is considered as one of the 4G technologies. LTE advanced technology fulfill the service demands of multiuser heterogeneous traffic environments for high data rate applications. Optimal operations of 4G technology can be achieved by intelligent implementation of the radio resource management layer. LTE systems can be scheduled at three different levels packet level, admission level and class level [1]. Both LTE and LTE advanced technology take the advantage of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Accesses (OFDMA). OFDMA is a multi carrier scheme as it allocates resources to multiple users. OFDM technique is used by OFDMA while SC-FMDA technique is recommended as the 3GPP LTE transmission technique. SC-FMDA is a modified technique as compared to the OFDMA while it almost has the same complexity level as OFDMA has. Basic scheduling and resource allocation is the set of users that determine RB users and set transmit power on each RB. To avoid interference, single user is assigned at single RB. For the purpose of transmission, maximum amount of power is always available at each base station and mobile user [2] [3]. Multi user downlink: Vast theoretical and experimental research has been done on multi user downlink that stated that multiplexing gains are available in downlink multi-user MIMO. Transmit beam forming technique is used to distinguish the user channels and serve multiple users simultaneously [4]. Multi user uplink: A very limited work has been performed on distributed multi-user uplink WLANs. Till yet distributed multi-user uplink are neither standardized nor commercialized for WLANs. Sequential contention is used to enable multiplexing by the Existing WLAN uplink multi-user solutions. The limitation of sequential contention is that it incurs control overhead which ultimately increases the linearly with group size [5]. Requirements LTE systems include cell capacity, latency, mobility, peak data rate, flexibility of the spectrum, provided and extended. The peak data rate must be 100 mbps in downlink and 50 mbps in uplink and bandwidth should be within 20 MHz. The cell capacity must support 200 active users within a bandwidth of 5 Mhz. Latency must be 5ms in user plane and mobility must be optimized to support 0-15 km/h. Spectrum flexibility must be between 1.25 and 20 MHz. Key elements in the LTE systems are wider bandwidth upto 20 MHz, flat IP architecture that supports direct communication between base stations, MIMO supports multiple data transmission and reception and it also increases the signal quality and data reception. The current spectrum flexibility of LTE is between 1.25 and 2.5 MHz. the mode of operation are FDD and TDD. Current peak data rate for downlink is 326.4 mbps and for uplink is 86.4 mbps [6] [7]. A couple of crucial requirements were proposed by Young Yong Kim and it's associated in his paper for the novel and energy efficient internet of Things (IOT) communication scheme. They stated that a large number of communication devices must be supported with low power consumption ability [8]. Critical Review of LTE and LTE Advanced LTE stands for Long Term Evolution network. The main approach to develop the LTE Advanced is to facilitate the fourth generation cellular wireless systems of the mobile services. The most promising techniques used in the current scenario is Device - to- device (D2D) communications as it improve the spectrum utilization and also provides wireless peer to peer services in the LTE advanced. Initially to communicate between user equipments (UEs) one has to establish both Uplink and Downlink communication in the mobile mode passing through the base station but now D2D communication technique facilitate one user equipments to directly converse with the other user equipment by reuse of cellular resources. Basically two major challenges are faced by the users while enabling D2D communication technique in a cellular network. The first challenge is related to the quality of service of the D2D communication technique as minimum quality of service is needed to be guaranteed. The second challenge is related to the performance of the cellular devices as it is affected by the obstruction in the D2D devices caused by the cellular users. To address the above defined challenges ajoint scheme of block scheduling and power control scheme has been introduced forD2D communications in LTE-Advanced networks. This scheme addresses the above challenges and also maximizes the spectrum utilization [9]. Literature Review In past years mobile industry has experienced a tremendous growth of subscribers. Growth in number of subscribers has increased demand for the advancement of the current mobile networks. Increase in the number of subscribers has delayed the speed and restricted the bandwidth of various applications such as web browsing, video streaming, video chat, and voice over IP (VoIP) etc. Eventually LTE network has come as the most trusted methods to overcome these problems [10]. LTE is recognized by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) with an aim to lower down the latency, deliver high throughout and enhance spectral efficiency with respect to previous 3G networks. 3GPP mobile networks changes shifted the use of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) to OFDMA. OFDMA is a powerful way to resolve the ISI problems as it simplifies the channel equalizers. The concept of resource allocation in LTE networks is significant to understand as it includes algorithm for both uplink and downlink scheduling. The first algorithm was designed to work in the downlink. For real time application in LTE networks, downlink algorithm is scheduled in two stages. In the first stage, digital filter theory based on resource allocation mechanism is presented. This is called as moving average scheduler (MAS). This moving average scheduler defines sampling time, amount of data for each real stream to fulfill the requirements of the quality of service of each stream. The second stage is related to the allocation of resources. This stage uses a professional fairness (PF) scheduler. The second algorithm is related to the uplink work and it is dependent on the Genetic Algorithms (GA). This tool is designed especially for handling the complex optimization problems. Genetic Algorithms (GA) is an important tool currently used for resource distribution for the LTE uplink [11]. As per Kwan, Leung and Zhang [12] a novel multiple scheduler improved the overall performance of the LTE networks with increasing co-relation among OFDMA sub-carriers. This shows that in case of large number of users sub-optimal scheduler is more attractive than any other scheduler [12]. El-Hajj and Dawy [13] stated that joint uplink and downlink resource distribution can be performed in OFDMA networks. For this regularization can be done for coupling between downlink and uplink directions. This additional term is beneficial in controlling the resource allocation through minimizing difference between the downlink and uplink rates [13]. Anchora and its associates explored a novel approach of resource allocation in the LTE systems based on the game theory. They explored a cross layer approach where limited amount of information is exchanged by a scheduler and a radio resource to provide both a high throughout and a satisfactory level of equality among flows [14]. Lee, Shin and Lee [15] studied various Uplink multi user selection scheme in a Multicell environment especially for MIMO systems and they proposed an Interference Aware User Selection Scheme (IAUSR) for this system. This scheme works in a distributed manner. The Author has focused on the uplink multiuser MIMO systems in a multicell environment and tried to build up a user selection scheme. For the development of the user selection scheme they proposed two steps. The first step is related to the beam forming vector of each multiple mobile station. In the next step each base station chooses a set of users for serving them at the same time to analyze the multiuser diversity and the interference of neighboring cells on them. The development of user selection scheme is necessary to get the desired link performance. The requirements for the development of multiuser selection scheme are significant to analyze in order to achieve the highest sum rate and to embrace a comparative fairness amo ng the users [15] [16]. Xi and Zoltowski [17] considered transceiver design for uplink multiuser MIMO communications. In transceiver design multiple transmitters choose beam forming at the receiver to access the linear spatial equalizer simultaneously. Authors have investigated the crucial issues in the design of beam forming weights for all the transmitters. They presumed that information related to the state of user channel is available with each of the users. On the basis of the analysis of the design, a class of orthogonal Joint Beam Forming Design Scheme was proposed by the researchers. An Eigen beam forming scheme (Eig-BF) was also proposed by the researchers along with ordered successive interference cancellation minimum mean square error receiver (OSIC-MMSE). Further these two schemes were evaluated with the optimal joint transceiver design to calculate the overall mean square error (MSE). After comparison, the results showed that Eig-BF OSIC-MMSE scheme showed near-optimum performance with much sim pler transmitter design at much lower complexity. The design of the Eig-BF OSIC-MMSE scheme can be implemented in a decentralized way due to efficiency to know its CSI. On the other hand the orthogonal beam forming schemes carry out the straightforward receiver structure at much higher cost [17] [18]. Multiuser access scheme are developed for spectrum sharing system. Primary users can utilize spectrum shared by secondary users under some specific conditions. One condition is that interference at the primary use must be below to the predefined threshold. Basically there are two scheduling schemes to select a user from those who have fulfilled the interference constraints and achieved an up to standard signal to noise ratio level as per the predefined signal to noise ratio level at the secondary base station. The first suggested scheme is for the users who have reported best channel quality. To lighten the high feedback from the users of the first scheme, the second scheme proposed was dependent on the concept of switched diversity. In the second scheme the work of base stations is to scan the users one by one till an appropriate user is found [19]. Simulation of the uplink resource allocation scheme used in LTE-Advanced Figure 1: Simulation of the uplink resource allocation scheme used in LTE-Advanced using Matlab Recent Developments Yaacoub and Dawy [20] described that wireless technologies are continuously advancing the new systems to overcome the growing demands of customers for high speed mobile internet services. OFDMA is one of the technologies which has been chosen as the multiple access scheme. The reason for choosing this scheme is to satisfy the demand for high speed reliable data services. Need for delay sensitive applications along with high speed internet data to play games on mobile and to facilitate video conferencing has been increasing day by day and it has mandated the need for upgrading the state of art OFDMA based wireless communications system with efficient resources allocation schemes. Initially, uplink and downlink were treated independently for resource allocation. Recently, Queue Aware Resource Allocation Schemes are anticipated in this segment for providing delay guarantees for real time services. This scheme has been studied for both uplink and downlink directions independently. Good q uality is required in both the directions to achieve end user satisfaction. When coupling is performed between the downlink and uplink directions in order to determine the quality of service of a particular user, in this situation the problem objective and formulation changes accordingly. For example when a user uses a mobile game application it has a good channel situation in the uplink direction but downlink direction goes in bad channel condition. In this situation the network suffer from bad quality. This situation occurs because data is sent at a very high speed while receiving speed is very low which notably affects the service interactivity [20]. Referneces Dr. Abhijit Mitra, "A Curriculum Development Cell Project Under QIP," Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, 2009. Rukhsana Ruby, "Uplink Scheduling And Resource Allocation Schemes For Lte-Advanced Systems That Incorporate Relays Or Carry Heterogeneous Traffic," University of British Columbia, 2015. radio-electronics. (2016) www.radio-electronics.com. [Online]. https://www.radio-electronics.com/info/cellulartelecomms/lte-long-term-evolution/lte-ofdm-ofdma-scfdma.php Adriana B. Flores, Sadia Quadri, and Edward W. Knightly, "A Scalable Multi-User Uplink for Wi-Fi," Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 2016. Hua Wang, Claudio Rosa, and Klaus I Pedersen, "Radio resource management for uplink carrier aggregation in LTE-Advanced," EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, vol. 1, no. 1, 2015. B. Archana and T.P. Surekha, "Resource Allocation in LTE: An Extensive Review on Methods, Challenges and Future Scope ," Communications on Applied Electronics, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 2394-4714, 2015. Jeanette Wannstrom. (2013) www.3gpp.org. [Online]. https://www.3gpp.org/technologies/keywords-acronyms/97-lte-advanced Woojin Ahn, Young Yong Kim, and Ronny Yongho Kim, "An Energy Efficient Multi-User Uplink Transmission Scheme in the Next Generation WLAN for Internet of Things," Yonsei University, 2015. Phond Phunchongharn, Ekram Hossain, and Dong In Kim, "Resource allocation for device-to-device communications underlaying LTE-advanced networks," IEEE Wireless Communications, vol. 20, no. 4, 2013. Elias Yaacoub and Zaher Dawy, Resource Allocation in Uplink OFDMA Wireless Systems: Optimal Solutions and Practical Implementations.: WILEY- IEEE Press, 2012. Panagopoulos and D. Athanasios, Handbook of Research on Next Generation Mobile Communication Systems.: IGI Global, 2015. Raymond Kwan, Cyril Leung, and Jie Zhang, "Resource allocation in an LTE cellular communication system," in ICC'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Communications, 2009, pp. 3915-3919. A. M. El-Hajj and Z. Dawy, "On optimized joint uplink/downlink resource allocation in OFDMA networks," in ISCC '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications, 2011, pp. 248-253. Luca Anchora, Luca Canzian, Leonardo Badia, and Michele Zorzi, "A Characterization of Resource Allocation in LTE Systems Aimed at Game Theoretical Approaches," 2010. Byong Ok Lee, Oh-Soon Shin, and Kwang Bok Lee, "Distributed user selection scheme for uplink multiuser MIMO systems in a multicell environment," Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, vol. 1, no. 1, 2012. Robert Schober, Wolfgang Gerstacker, Shahram Zarei, Yongpeng Wu, and Jiayi Zhang, "Massive MIMO Systems," Institute for Digital Communications, 2014. Songnan Xi and Michael D. Zoltowski, "Uplink Multiuser MIMO Transceiver Design with Transmitting Beamforming under Power Constraints," in Military Communications Conference, 2006. M. Kottkamp, A. Roessler, and J. Schlienz, "LTE-Advanced Technology Introduction," 2012. Qaraqe and Marwa, "Uplink Multiuser Scheduling Techniques for Spectrum Sharing Systems," Texas AM University, 2012. Elias Yaacoub and Zaher Dawy, "A Survey on Uplink Resource Allocation in OFDMA Wireless Networks," IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials, vol. 14, no. 2, 2012.

Michael Coppola Essays (985 words) - Economy, Structure,

Michael Coppola The American Dream The American Dream The American Dream is to Live comfortably and avoid debilitating poverty. Despite the United States containing some of the richest people in the world, The American Dream has been an unachievable goal for most citizens due to our society and the wage gap. The wage gap prevents people from achieving a comfortable life that can be maintained, and achieving the American Dream. In today's day and age, we all don't get the same choices and opportunities, much like in F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby, Nick's father had said 'Whenever you feel like criticizing anyone,' he told me, 'just remember that all the people in this world haven't had the advantages that you've had' (page 5). Nick was reminded not to judge others because he was given wealth and opportunities that many others did not receive, much like today's society, where everybody does not start off at the same place. It's unfair that many people receive so much more wealth from pure luck compared to others. Many of these people who are much richer can oppress these people and control the world around them, evident in both how They were careless people, Tom and Daisy - they smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness or whatever it was that kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had made (page 188) and how Meyer Wolfenstein fixed the world series, which was found out when Nick said "The idea staggered me. I remembered, of course, that the World's Series had been fixed in 1919, but if I had thought of it at all I would have thought of it as a thing that merely happened, the end of some inevitable chain. It never occurred to me that one man could start to play with the faith of fifty million people - with the single-mindedness of a burglar blowing a safe". These people had so much money to rely on, keeping them safe from any form of risk or jurisdiction for anything they had done wrong, avoiding from ruining their pristine and clean record. Although The American Dream of making money and living a comfortable life seemed difficult then, We can still see many of the same issues today. Nick Wing reminds us "According to 2012 Census data, more than 7 percent of American workers fell below the federal poverty line, making less than $11,170 for a single person and $15,130 for a couple. By some estimates, one in four private-sector jobs in the U.S. pays under $10 an hour". Many people today still face extremely heavy poverty and fail to climb the American dream and to raise the wages to live comfortably due to the inability to afford education and begin a higher paying career. Not only does this hole of poverty keep people inside of it, but drags people in as well. The people becoming part of this hole are "a diverse range of people: single parents, couples with and without children, young women with graduate degrees, business owners, seniors and everyone in between. Their financial situations, however, show many similarities. Jobs generally provide them with the means to barely scrape by, treading paycheck-to-paycheck, earning just enough to keep from going under, swa llowing their pride sometimes to take food stamps or visit food banks. Others are entirely out of work, tirelessly seeking employment and relying on other means to survive." according to Nick Wing. So many different people living so many different lives can all be destroyed and torn away from the American dream. The wage gap is only growing where the rich become richer and the poor become poorer. Erik Sherman says, "For the first time in this report series, Allianz calculated each country's wealth Gini coefficient -- a measure of inequality in which 0 is perfect equality and 100 would mean perfect inequality, or one person owning all the wealth. It found that the U.S. had the most wealth inequality, with a score of 80.56, showing the most concentration of overall wealth in the hands of the proportionately fewest people". A great amount of these people are constantly being dragged into poverty as the